Dr. Eduardo Blumwald (kurudyi) naAkhilesh Yadav, Ph.D., nedzimwe nhengo dzeboka ravo paUniversity of California, Davis, vakachinja mupunga kuti ukurudzire mabhakitiriya evhu kuti abudise nitrogen yakawanda inogona kushandiswa nezvirimwa. [Trina Kleist/UC Davis]
Vatsvagiri vakashandisa CRISPR kuinjiniya mupunga kukurudzira mabhakitiriya evhu kugadzirisa nitrogen inodiwa mukukura kwavo. Zvakawanikwa zvinogona kuderedza huwandu hwenitrogen fetireza inodiwa kurima zvirimwa, kuchengetedza varimi vekuAmerica mabhiriyoni emadhora gore rega rega uye kubatsira nharaunda nekudzikisa kusvibiswa kwenitrogen.
"Miti inoshamisa mafekitori emakemikari," akadaro Dr. Eduardo Blumwald, purofesa anozivikanwa wesayenzi yemiti paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Davis, uyo akatungamirira chidzidzo chacho. Chikwata chake chakashandisa CRISPR kuwedzera kuparara kweapigenin mumupunga. Vakaona kuti apigenin uye mamwe makomisheni anokonzera bhakitiriya nitrogen kugadzirisa.
Basa ravo rakabudiswa mujenari Plant Biotechnology ("Genetic modification yemupunga flavonoid biosynthesis inovandudza biofilm kugadzirwa uye biological nitrogen kugadzirisa nevhu nitrogen-inogadzirisa mabhakitiriya").
Nitrogen inokosha pakukura kwechirimwa, asi zvinomera hazvigoni kushandura zvakananga nitrogen kubva mumhepo kuva chimiro chazvinogona kushandisa. Pane kudaro, zvirimwa zvinotsamira pakutora inorganic nitrogen, senge ammonia, inogadzirwa nemabhakitiriya muvhu. Kugadzirwa kwekurima kunobva pakushandiswa kwefotereza ine nitrogen kuwedzera zvirimwa.
"Kana zvinomera zvichikwanisa kugadzira makemikari anobvumira mabhakitiriya evhu kugadzirisa nitrogen yemumhepo, tinogona kugadzira miti kuti ibudise mamwe emakemikari aya," akadaro. “Mishonga iyi inokurudzira mabhakitiriya emuvhu kuti agadzirise nitrogen uye zvirimwa zvinoshandisa ammonium inenge yavapo, zvichideredza kudiwa kwefetereza yemakemikari.”
Chikwata chaBroomwald chakashandisa ongororo yemakemikari uye genomics kuona makomisheni muzvirimwa zvemupunga - apigenin nemamwe maflavonoid - anosimudzira basa rebhakitiriya renitrogen.
Ivo vakabva vaona nzira dzekugadzira makemikari uye vakashandisa CRISPR gene-editing tekinoroji kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemakomisheni anosimudzira biofilm kuumbwa. Aya biofilms ane mabhakitiriya anowedzera shanduko yenitrogen. Somugumisiro, basa rekugadzirisa nitrogen rebhakitiriya rinowedzera uye huwandu hweammonium huripo kumiti hunowedzera.
"Zvirimwa zvemupunga zvakavandudzwa zvakaratidza kuwedzera kwegoho rezviyo kana zvakura pasi pevhu nitrogen-shoma mamiriro," vakatsvakurudza vakanyora mupepa. "Mibairo yedu inotsigira kunyengedzwa kweiyo flavonoid biosynthesis nzira senzira yekukwevera biological nitrogen kugadzirisa muzviyo uye kuderedza inorganic nitrogen zvirimo. Kushandisa fetereza. Real Strategies."
Zvimwe zvirimwa zvinogonawo kushandisa nzira iyi. Yunivhesiti yeCalifornia yakanyorera patent pane tekinoroji uye parizvino yakaimirira. Tsvagiridzo iyi yakapihwa mari neWill W. Lester Foundation. Uye zvakare, Bayer CropScience inotsigira kumwe kutsvagisa pane iyi nyaya.
"Nitrogen fetereza inodhura zvakanyanya," Blumwald akadaro. “Chero chinogona kubvisa mari idzodzo chakakosha. Kune rimwe divi, inyaya yemari, asi nitrogen inewo zvinokuvadza zvakatipoteredza.”
Mazhinji emafetireza akaiswa anorasika, achipinda muvhu nemvura yepasi. Kuwanikwa kwaBlumwald kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza nekudzikisa kusvibiswa kwenitrogen. "Izvi zvinogona kupa imwe nzira yekurima yakagadzikana inoderedza kushandiswa kwenitrogen yakawandisa," akadaro.