Dr. Eduardo Blulwald (kurudyi) naAkhilesh Yadav, Ph.D., nevamwe vari muchikwata chavo paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Davis, vakagadzirisa mupunga kuti ukurudzire mabhakitiriya evhu kugadzira nitrogen yakawanda inogona kushandiswa nezvirimwa. [Trina Kleist/UC Davis]
Vaongorori vakashandisa CRISPR kugadzira mupunga kuti ukurudzire mabhakitiriya emuvhu kugadzirisa nitrogen inodiwa kuti akure. Zvakawanikwa izvi zvinogona kuderedza huwandu hwefetereza yenitrogen inodiwa pakurima zvirimwa, zvichiponesa varimi vekuAmerica mabhiriyoni emadhora gore rega rega uye zvichibatsira nharaunda nekuderedza kusvibiswa kwenitrogen.
"Zvirimwa mafekitori emakemikari anoshamisa," akadaro Dr. Eduardo Blwald, purofesa wesainzi yezvirimwa paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Davis, uyo akatungamira chidzidzo ichi. Chikwata chake chakashandisa CRISPR kuwedzera kuputsika kweapigenin mumupunga. Vakaona kuti apigenin nemamwe macompounds anokonzera bacterial nitrogen fixation.
Basa ravo rakaburitswa mumagazini inonzi Plant Biotechnology (“Kugadziriswa kwemajini kwemupunga flavonoid biosynthesis kunowedzera kuumbwa kwebiofilm uye kugadziriswa kwenitrogen nebhakitiriya rinogadzirisa nitrogen muvhu”).
Nitrogen inokosha pakukura kwezvirimwa, asi zvirimwa hazvigone kushandura nitrogen zvakananga kubva mumhepo kuita fomu yazvinogona kushandisa. Pane kudaro, zvirimwa zvinoshandisa nitrogen isina organic, yakadai seammonia, inogadzirwa nemabhakitiriya ari muvhu. Kurima kunobva pakushandisa fetereza ine nitrogen kuwedzera kubereka kwezvirimwa.
“Kana zvirimwa zvikakwanisa kugadzira makemikari anobvumira mabhakitiriya emuvhu kugadzirisa nitrogen yemumhepo, tinogona kugadzira zvirimwa kuti zvigadzire mamwe emakemikoro aya,” akadaro. “Makemikoro aya anokurudzira mabhakitiriya emuvhu kugadzirisa nitrogen uye zvirimwa zvinoshandisa ammonium inobuda, nokudaro zvichideredza kudiwa kwemafetiraiza emakemikari.”
Chikwata chaBroomwald chakashandisa ongororo yemakemikari uye genomics kuti vaone zvinhu zviri mumiti yemupunga - apigenin nedzimwe flavonoids - zvinowedzera basa rekugadzirisa nitrogen mumabhakitiriya.
Vakazowana nzira dzekugadzira makemikari aya uye vakashandisa tekinoroji yekugadzirisa majini yeCRISPR kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemakemikari anokurudzira kuumbwa kwebiofilm. Mabiofilm aya ane mabhakitiriya anowedzera kushanduka kwenitrogen. Nekuda kweizvozvo, basa rekugadzirisa nitrogen remabhakitiriya rinowedzera uye huwandu hweammonium inowanikwa kune chirimwa hunowedzera.
"Miriwo yemupunga yakagadziriswa yakaratidza kuwedzera kwegoho rezviyo payakadyarwa pasi pemamiriro ekunze asina nitrogen yakawanda," vaongorori vakanyora mupepa iri. "Zvatakawana zvinotsigira kushandiswa kwenzira ye flavonoid biosynthesis senzira yekukurudzira kugadziriswa kwenitrogen muzviyo uye kuderedza huwandu hwenitrogen muzvinhu zvisina organic. Kushandiswa kwefetereza. Mazano Echokwadi."
Mamwe mafekitori anogonawo kushandisa nzira iyi. Yunivhesiti yeCalifornia yakanyorera patent ye tekinoroji iyi uye parizvino iri kuimirira. Tsvagiridzo iyi yakatsigirwa nemari neWill W. Lester Foundation. Pamusoro pezvo, Bayer CropScience inotsigira tsvakiridzo yakawedzerwa panyaya iyi.
"Fetereza yenitrogen inodhura zvikuru," akadaro Blowald. "Chero chinhu chinogona kubvisa mari iyoyo chakakosha. Kune rumwe rutivi, inyaya yemari, asi nitrogen inewo mhedzisiro yakaipa panharaunda."
Mafetereza mazhinji anorasika, opinda muvhu nemumvura yepasi pevhu. Kuwanikwa kwaBlowald kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza nharaunda nekuderedza kusvibiswa kwenitrogen. "Izvi zvinogona kupa imwe nzira yekurima inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwefertilizer yenitrogen yakawandisa," akadaro.