Kuenzaniswa nezvokudya zvemhuka, mavara emarudzi ose emiriwo nemichero anogona kuva ane mavara uye akanaka. Iyo yakasvibirira yakasvibirira ye broccoli, ruvara rwepepuru ye eggplant, yero ruvara rwemakaroti, uye ruvara rutsvuku rwepiresi - nei iyi miriwo yakasiyana? Chii chinosarudza aya mavara?

Phytochromes musanganiswa wemhando mbiri dzepigment mamorekuru: mvura-inonyungudika cytosolic pigments uye lipid-soluble chloroplast pigments. Mienzaniso yekare inosanganisira anthocyanins, flavonoids inopa ruvara kumaruva; nokuda kwekupedzisira, carotenoids, luteins uye chlorophylls zvakajairika. Mvura-inonyungudika pigment inonyungudika mu ethanol pamwe chete nemvura yenguva dzose asi isinganyunguriki mune mamwe organic compounds akadai se ether uye chloroform. Mafuta-anonyungudika pigment anonyanya kuoma kunyungudika mumethanol, asi anonyungudika zviri nyore muhuwandu hwepamusoro hwe ethanol uye zvimwe zvinonyungudutsa organic. Kana yaiswa kune lead acetate reagent, pigment inonyungudika nemvura inonaya uye inogona kushambadzwa neyakagadzirwa kabhoni; mavara achachinjawo zvichienderana nepH.

1.Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll inowanikwa zvakanyanya mumashizha, michero uye algae yemiti yakakwirira, uye inokosha chikamu chemiti chloroplasts, iyo iripo pamwe chete nemapuroteni muzvisikwa zvipenyu.

Chlorophyll inonzi tonic yeropa, inosimudzira hematopoiesis, inomutsa masero, antibacterial uye anti-inflammatory effects, etc. Mumakore achangopfuura, masayendisiti akawana kuti chlorophyll ine simba rekudzivisa kugadzirwa kwemasero eii.

Zvokudya zvine chlorophyll zvinosanganisira: kare, alfa alfa sprouts, lettuce, sipinashi, broccoli, lettuce, nezvimwewo.

Chlorophyll inotonga ruvara rwegirinhi, boka rinozivikanwa kwazvo remavara rinowanikwa munenge marudzi ese emiti. Vamwe vangashamisika, zvakadini nemakarotsi? Zvakadini nezvinosanganiswa izvi zvine chimiro uye ruvara zvisingaenderane negirini zvachose? Kutaura zvazviri, makaroti anewo chlorophyll, iyo isiri pasi, asi "girinhi" yakafukidzwa ne "yellow uye orange".

2.Carotenoid

Carotenoids ishoko rakajairwa kune akasiyana isomers e carotenoids uye zvinobva zvawo zvinowanikwa muzvirimwa. Iboka rezvinhu zvine ruvara zvinowanikwa zvakanyanya muzvisikwa, uye zvakatanga kuwanikwa mumakarotsi, saka zita rekuti carotenoids.

Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kudya kwakanyanya kwevanhu carotenoids kunogona kuderedza chirwere cheprostate chakabatana nezera uye retinal macular degeneration. Nekudaro, ma carotenoids emusikirwo akabvumidzwa neBazi rezvehutano kuti ashandiswe seanopesana neradiation hutano chikafu. Macarotenoid akasiyana ane mamorekuru akasiyana, uye pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi20, anopfuura 600 carotenoid akanga awanikwa.

Zvokudya zvine carotenoids: makarotsi, nhanga, matomatisi, citrus, chibage, nezvimwe.

3.Flavonoid

Flavonoid pigments, inozivikanwawo seanthocyanins, zvakare inonyungudika mumvura. Kubva pakugadzirwa kwemakemikari, imvura inonyunguduka phenolic substance. Inowanikwa zvakanyanya muumambo hwezvirimwa, kusanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobva, uye zviuru zvezvipenyu zvakawanikwa. Flavonoids haiwanzo kuwanikwa mumasikirwo semamonomers. Mhando dzakasiyana dze flavonoids dziripo mumiti yemhuri dzakasiyana, mirairo, genus, uye marudzi; munhengo dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa zvakaita sebark, mudzi, uye ruva, kune akasiyana flavonoids. Parizvino marudzi anoda kusvika 400 akawanikwa, asina ruvara, akajeka eyero kana kuti orenji anopenya, uye ruvara rwawo rwunokanganiswa zvakanyanya nepH.

Seyakasikwa chikafu chemavara, anthoxanthin yakachengeteka, isina-chepfu, yakapfuma muzviwanikwa, uye ine zvimwe zvinovaka muviri uye zvemishonga. Iyo ine yakakura yekushandisa mukana mukudya, zvizorwa, uye mushonga.

Mumakore achangopfuura, nhamba huru yemigumisiro yekutsvakurudza kumba nekune dzimwe nyika yakaratidza kuti flavonoids ine anti-oxidation, kubviswa kwemahara radicals, anti-lipid peroxidation basa, kudzivirira zvirwere zvemwoyo, antibacterial, antiviral, uye antiallergic effects. Miriwo, michero uye zviyo muumambo hwezvirimwa zvakapfuma mu flavonoid pigments.

Zvokudya zvine flavonoid pigments: pepper inotapira, celery, red hanyanisi, green tea, citrus, mazambiringa, buckwheat, nezvimwe.

4.Anthocyanin

Anthocyanins: Nekuda kwavo kwakakosha "anti-oxidant chiitiko", anthocyanins anozivikanwa zvakanyanya uye anonzi "gimmick" nemakambani mazhinji. Anopfuura mazana matatu emhando dzeanthocyanins dzakaonekwa, kusanganisira yebhuruu, yepepuru, tsvuku uye orenji. Aya ma pigment anonyungudika mumvura. Anthocyanins inogona kuratidza mavara akasiyana sezvo pH inoshanduka. Iwe unofanirwa kuva nechiitiko chakafanana paunenge uchibika kabichi (tsvuku) mumvura.

Kemikari yeanthocyanins haina kugadzikana, uye ruvara ruchachinja zvakanyanya nekuchinja kwepH, iyo yakatsvuka pazasi 7, yepepuru pa8.5, violet-blue pa11, uye yero, orenji kana kunyange shava pane anopfuura 11. Oxygen. , tembiricha yakareruka kana yepamusoro inogona kushandura chikafu chine anthocyanin yakakwira kuita brown. Mukuwedzera, kushanduka kwemavara kunokonzerwa nekubatana nesimbi kunofanira kudzivirirwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira pakugadzirisa.

Proanthocyanidins inokwanisa kuchenesa mahara radicals mumuviri, ine yakasimba antioxidant chiitiko, uye inogona kudzora kusadzivirirwa kwezvirwere uye kutamba basa rekurwisa cancer.

Chikafu chine anthocyanins: yepepuru mbatatisi, mupunga mutema, chibage chepepuru, yepepuru kare, eggplant, perilla, makarotsi, beet, nezvimwe.

Nevanhu vanotsigira zvisikwa, kutsvaga hutano nekuchengetedzeka kwekutanga zvinodiwa zvepfungwa, pamwe nekupinda kweChina muWTO yakatarisana nezvinodiwa nehupfumi hwenyika, kuvandudzwa kwemavara echisikigo anodyiwa nekukurumidza, maererano nehuwandu, kubva 1971 kusvika 1981 nyika. yakabudiswa 126 patents yekudya kwemavara, iyo 87.5% inodyiwa yemavara echisikigo.

Nekuvandudzwa kwenharaunda, kushandiswa kwemavara echisikigo kwave kunozivikanwa zvishoma nezvishoma mumaindasitiri ezvekudya uye zvekuzora, uye matekiniki akashandiswa akavandudzika zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichiita kuti pigment yechisikigo ive chikamu chakakosha chekushongedza hupenyu.

Chinangwa chedu chebhizinesi "Ita Kuti Nyika Ifare Uye Ive Nehutano".

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwekubvisa chirimwa, unogona kutibata isu panguva yemasvosve !!

Zvinyorwa: https://www.zhihu.com/